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Fungi networks can plan their foraging routes without a brain. Credit: Yu Fukasawa et al.Fungi are unique creatures because, though they don’t have brains, they display clear signs of decision-making and communication. According to the new study published in Fungal Ecology, fungi are capable of recognizing different spatial arrangements of wood and adapting accordingly. More visible fungi such as mushrooms are scratching the surface of a vast network of underground threads called mycelium. These webs are capable of passing information through a system that can go on for miles, but the growth patterns appear to be calculated. To showcase this, researchers set up two 24-cm-wide (9.44-in-wide) square dirt environments and soaked decaying wood blocks for 42 days in a solution containing P. velutina spores. They then placed the blocks in either a circular or cross-shaped arrangement inside the box, and let the fungi grow for 116 days. At the beginning of the experiment, the mycelium grew outward around each block for 13 days without connecting to each other. About a month later, however, both arrangements displayed extremely tangled fungi webs stretching between every wood sample. By day 116, each fungal network had organized itself intomuch more deliberate, clearly defined pathways. In the circle setting, P. velutina displayed uniform connectivity growing outward, but barely grew into the ring’s interior. Meanwhile, the cross fungi extended much further from its four outermost blocks. The theory is that, in the circular environment, the mycelial network communicated and determined that growing into an already occupied area was of little advantage. In the cross scenario, the team thinks that the four exterior posts' growth areas served as “outposts” for foraging missions. These experiments suggest that the organisms communicated through the mycelial networks and came to the decision to grow according to the environmental layout. “You’d be surprised at just how much fungi are capable of. They have memories, they learn, and they can make decisions,” Yu Fukasawa, a study co-author at Tohoku University, said in the paper’s announcement on October 8th. “Quite frankly, the differences in how they solve problems compared to humans is mind-blowing.”

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